Tax reclaim opportunities regarding withholding taxes in Germany
Should your company have received German dividends from subsidiary or a German company in which your company has a 10% or higher holding for a continuous period of at least 12 months and have suffered more than 0% WHT, you should consider a cost benefit analysis of seeking an additional reclaim. Further background on case law and the current application of German dividend withholding tax rules are set out below.
The Court of Justice of the EU has dealt with a number of cases holding that the application of German withholding tax on dividends paid to non-German residents is contrary to EU principles of freedom of establishment (see for example case C-440/17 in the case of dividends paid to an EU parent) and freedom of movement of capital (see for example Case C-641/17).
In the former case we understand German law has yet to be updated. In the latter case consideration is being given to whether the German law as it was in 2002 is still effective under the standstill provisions that would have applied to law in existence in December 1993.
In a recent development in German case law, a Nuremburg Court has held that a relief from German withholding tax should (contrary to existing German law) be available to non-German residents under the freedom of movement of capital on the basis that the German law is discriminatory against non-German investors.
German withholding taxes on dividends before any reliefs are currently 26.375% (25% WHT charge plus a 5.5% solidarity surcharge). The available reliefs from withholding taxes available for companies can be summarised as follows:
Dividend income of companies is taxable in Germany, but German tax resident entities are able to exempt 95% of the dividend receipt from tax, provided there is a minimum 10% holding in the payer at the beginning of the calendar year for corporate income tax purposes and a minimum 15% holding in the payer at the beginning of the fiscal year (“Erhebungszeitraum”) for trade tax purposes. The effective corporate tax rate on the receipt of a dividend from another German company then becomes around 1.5% (5% multiplied by the German corporate tax rate of 15% and a local German trade tax of around 15%). However, this 95% exemption is not, in law, available to foreign companies.
As noted above, this difference in treatment between German and non-German resident recipients of German dividends has been held to be contrary to EU principles of freedom of establishment and freedom of movement of capital.
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Many tax jurisdictions encounter difficulties exercising their tax legislation against taxpayers who do not reside in their jurisdictions. The adoption of a simplified registration and collection mechanism is one of the approaches suggested by the OECD to address these difficulties. The simplified compliance regime is more appropriate for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions as most B2C customers […]
On 22 December 2021, the European Commission published a proposal for a Directive to prevent the misuse of shell entities for tax purposes (described as “Unshell Directive” or also referred to as ATAD III). The draft Directive aims at identifying and penalising entities that do not maintain sufficient substance within the EU. Additional reporting requirements […]
Many jurisdictions around the world offer generous tax credits and other incentives to companies that invest in R&D and innovation activities. Incentives are one of the key factors that management considers when deciding where a company should invest in innovation. Companies will also look into specific talent offerings, economic structure, education systems, and culture, amongst […]
The OECD two-pillar approach In October 2021, the OECD’s 137 Inclusive Framework members agreed to adopt a two-pillar approach to address the tax challenges of the digital economy. Pillar I provides for new profit allocation and nexus rules for MNEs with a turnover greater than EUR 20 billion and profit before tax margins of 10% […]
The Belgian government has approved a draft bill in which changes for the new Belgian special tax status for foreign executives and specialists are embedded. The limited duration of the tax benefits, the minimal remuneration threshold, and the ‘30%-rule’ are the most profound changes. The changes will be effective from January 1, 2022. As a […]
In December 2020, Greece introduced tax incentives to attract foreign tax residents. Specifically, the provisions of Article 5C of the Greek Income Tax Code (ITC), which came into force on 1 January 2021, stipulate that foreign employees or foreign freelancers becoming Greek tax residents can enjoy a 50% tax exemption from income derived in Greece […]
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many Belgian tax residents working in Luxembourg were no longer able to travel since remote working/home working was recommended or mandatory, based on governmental rules. As such, ‘the 24-day rule’ (whereby taxation of days working in Belgium are treated as fully taxable in Luxembourg and not in Belgium, provided the […]
In response to the unprecedented spending on public services during the recent pandemic, the UK government has introduced a 1.25% health and social care levy applicable to every person liable to National Insurance Contributions (NIC), including self-employed individuals and internationally mobile employees (IMEs). Where employees are concerned, employers will also be required to pay the […]
Rapid digitalisation and globalisation have led to significant changes in business operations. The digital economy has also uncovered vulnerabilities in the basic rules that have governed global taxation in the past, creating opportunities for profits to be “shifted” to lower-taxed jurisdictions, and sparking debates surrounding a ‘fair’ allocation of taxing rights. Against this backdrop, the […]
Many jurisdictions have refined and improved their legislative defenses against tax avoidance in recent years, making the penalties for tax fraud even tougher.
The South African (“SA”) tax regime is being strengthened by the implementation of base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) action 4, relating to the limitation of interest deductions, but extra borrowings by businesses to deal with Covid-19 has caused the Government to defer its introduction. This article highlights some aspects relating to the implementation of […]
ATAD II is the EU translation of BEPS Action 2, the part which is focused on the ability of taxpayers to design situations of double non-taxation or heavily reduced taxation by exploiting hybrid mismatches. They apply to mismatches between the EU Member States, the UK, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, and third countries. This legislation has […]
Key milestones are being reached in the digital economy in 2021. In this post, we review the most recent legislation and provide insight on how to keep up with the tax aspects of this fast-developing topic. Digital commerce is increasing globally as the world becomes ever-more interconnected. More and more companies are exclusively active in […]
In July 2021, the European Commission presented its ambitious Fit for 55 legislation package, which supports its commitment to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions within the EU by at least 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990). From an international trade point of view, the most important part of the package is the Carbon Border Adjustment […]
Startups and entrepreneurship are concepts that have recently grown more important globally. To put it simply, startups are entrepreneurial companies that are generally established to offer solutions to any problem and exhibit rapid growth potential. In many countries, the importance of technology-oriented startup business models is gradually increasing, and a rising number of “unicorns”[1] are […]
This new solution is expected to reallocate more than $100bn of profit annually to market jurisdictions. However, this raises the question, to what extent emerging economies, and more specifically, African countries, will be entitled to levy taxes on profits generated by multinational enterprises from their markets? This source and others are sorely needed by these […]
In accordance with OECD guidelines, the taxability of ESOP in India depends on where employment is exercised and the period of service for which ESOP has been granted.
Background – the current market The disruptive effect of the Covid-19 pandemic and the economic recovery currently underway in many jurisdictions has driven strong momentum in the M&A market in recent months. Among the factors that drive this demand may be the need to enhance growth, diversify, raise finance or refocus on core activities. Commercial and […]
In June 2021 Hong Kong finalised legislation codifying the Inland Revenue Department’s tax assessment practice relating to corporate amalgamations. For qualifying companies, it is possible to elect (within one month of the amalgamation) for special tax treatment for pre-amalgamation losses, succession to business assets, amongst other areas. While the new legislation provides greater certainty on […]
Mazars experts around the world deliver tailored services in audit, accounting, tax, financial advisory, consulting, and legal services. In Mexico, local experts have created a compliance dashboard with news items to help guide businesses as they navigate issues related to finance, tax, legal, and labour updates. With the global economy recovering from Covid-19, new government-required procedures […]
The latest edition of the Bloomberg spotlight series focuses on Tifphani White-King, the U.S. National Tax Practice Leader for Mazars in the U.S. and a member of the Mazars Global Tax Leadership Team. White-King shares the tax code changes she would most like to see, the best financial advice she ever received, and what she […]
Many countries have their own versions of tax-free or tax-neutral reorganisations. We are seeing instances where such domestic legislation now is subject to amendment with some added or bonus enhancements to these laws. What follows below are some recent changes to the German restructuring tax code provisions. We aim to continue to highlight more countries […]
A public debate in the European Union on environmental issues is heating up. It emphasises the urgency to develop environmental policies to mitigate climate change and opens a discussion on the revision of energy taxation rules currently in place. In its May 2021 review of the Energy Taxation Directive, the EU Commission analysed the impact […]
Choosing a business location involves many considerations, with tax being only one of them. Nevertheless, tax is a consideration. Below is a note commenting on the attractions of Switzerland as a business location. There may of course be other locations that should be considered. Switzerland attracts global business, research, and innovation, and maintains the high ground […]
As of 13 July, 132 of 139 jurisdictions (including Bermuda, Cayman Islands, BVI, Switzerland, and the Bahamas) agreed to the OECD Pillar 1 and 2 proposals as refined by the US initiative. The seven that did not were: Ireland, Estonia, Hungary, Barbados, Kenya, Nigeria, Sri Lanka. The OECD press release can be found here and […]
Total UK Government receipts for 2020/21 were £795bn, £34bn down on the previous year (see here). In this article, we focus on how the environment and the digital economy contribute to this result and the future implications. In future articles, we will consider how other jurisdictions are reacting to developments in this area. The £34bn […]
The Asian Development Bank has forecast that developing Asia’s growth is forecast to rebound to 7.3% in 2021 and 5.3% in 2022. This compares to 4.2% and 4.4% respectively for Europe (see here) and 6.9% and 3.6% for the US (see here). Businesses already with a footprint in the Asian region will be gearing up their operations to deal with the region’s expected […]
International taxation is based on residence as the point of connection of a subject with a given territory. However, today’s world is characterized by open economies competing to attract many companies and governed by technology. Apart from the tax connection point represented by the tax domicile in a given country, another element relevant when taxing […]
As Covid restrictions begin to lift there will inevitably be increased movement of workers across borders. This brings back into focus a range of global mobility and tax considerations for businesses and individuals. Examples include work permits, visas, payroll and social security amongst other issues. Below is a snapshot of some pints concerning Uruguay to […]
Global mobility is a significant advantage in a world where all countries are connected by monetary flow, means of transports and digital communication. A comprehensive global mobility strategy takes time, teamwork, and careful thought. The main challenges faced when designing a global mobility program are payroll, tax issues and laws, and compensation among others. It […]
Is it a bird? Is it a plane? Why is a SPAC considered a ‘high flying’ concept and what tax issues need to be considered to reap the benefits and avoid the pitfalls of a SPAC transaction? In this article, we provide a brief overview of SPACs, the particular tax issues relevant to the US […]
The finance ministers of the G7 have issued a news brief indicating their agreement on global tax reform that “….will mean the largest multinational tech giants will pay their fair share of tax in the countries in which they operate….”. This consists of two parts: global firms with at least a 10% profit margin would […]
This article identifies the different types of documentation requirements in three macro-areas (i.e., Pan Europe, Asia-Pacific and America) and it explains the thresholds used for the different taxpayers’ obligations. In addition, it provides an overview of the administrative penalties imposed. The countries analysed in the article are the following: Pan European: France, Germany, Hungary, the […]
In April 2020 the OECD issued guidance on the impact of Covid-19 on double taxation agreements (DTA) and their application to cross border workers. In January 2021 they updated this guidance. This guidance is necessary as some cross-border workers have been stranded in a country that is not their normal residence, and double taxation could arise without applying a practical approach to the […]
The new U.S. Secretary of Treasury, Janet Yellen, has garnered this week’s tax spotlight with her support and request for the world to support a minimum global corporate income tax. This would apply to the largest and most profitable businesses (numbering around 100), with the suggestion that the minimum rate to be applied to be […]
Tax reform continues to come in waves across the globe. One common theme of many reforms is tax breaks for low to mid wage earners and surprising tax hikes for high wage earners. This trend seems to be consistent with the latest out of the Czech Republic. New changes to the Czech tax law effective […]
On March 31, 2021, the Biden administration released The American Jobs Plan, which detailed, among other critical items, the need for infrastructure improvements to enhance America’s competitiveness and to create well-paid American jobs. For this to be successful in attracting needed private capital, the existing regulations concerning Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) and Foreign Investment in […]
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruptions across multiple countries and economies in the world. In addition to adversely affecting the world economy, the restrictions placed on travel could have personal income tax implications for individuals and permanent establishment risks for businesses. This article provides an insight into the tax considerations in respect of the current crises with focus on the Singaporean personal income tax regime and the possible creation of permanent establishment risk. Permanent Establishment considerations […]
The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented disruptions across multiple countries and economies in the world. In addition to adversely affecting the world economy, the restrictions placed on travel could have personal income tax implications for individuals and permanent establishment risks for businesses. This article provides an insight into the tax considerations in respect of the current crises with a focus on the Singaporean personal income tax regime and the possible creation of permanent establishment risk. Taxation […]
Background On January 20, 2021, the German government published a draft law for the Gesetz zur Modernisierung der Entlastung von Abzugsteuern undder Bescheinigung der Kapitalertragsteuer (Act for modernization of the relief of withholding taxes and the certification of capital gains tax, AbzStEntModG). Among other things, this draft contains a new wording proposal of the so-called “Anti-Treaty Shopping” provision in Sec. 50d (3) German Income Tax Act (ITA), in order to comply with European law requirements. Sec. 50d (3) […]
Advance pricing agreements (“APAs”) could provide taxpayers and revenue authorities with some certainty during the unprecedented times that we are living in. The African APA landscape is however underdeveloped, but some recent developments in South Africa (“SA”) indicate that this may be changing. On 18 December 2020, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and […]
When the UK finally left the EU ended on 31 December 2020, the application of provisions that have been beneficial to cross-border payments within the EU ceased, or will cease to apply. The elimination of withholding taxes, formerly part of these provisions, means companies with cross-border dividend, interest and royalty payment flows to or from […]
Government’s around the world have acted to help support individuals and businesses to get through to Covid pandemic. Mazars Covid-19 global tax and law tracker provides an overview of the measures different jurisdictions have put in place and there is a range of information and webinars at the above link. In this article we focus […]
Decree of the Federal Ministry of Finance dated 11 February 2021 – Remuneration of the temporary transfer and the disposal of rights which are entered in a German public register. Further information on German tax developments relating to intellectual property (IP) registered in Germany has been released by the German Authorities. This helps to clarify how the German taxing right can apply to non-German users or vendors of this IP. This […]
On 25 November 2020, the Council of the European Union unveiled its updated draft of proposed EU Directive 2011/16 on administrative cooperation. The proposed directive marks the seventh amendment to the directive on administrative cooperation (DAC), earning itself the DAC 7 nickname. The proposed DAC 7 originally unveiled on 15 July 2020, forms part of […]
Relocation is a factor that can drive M&A transactions and many jurisdictions use various strategies to attract or retain businesses, whether that be on tax, regulation, creation of critical business mass, or other reasons. There may be many non-tax reasons for enterprises to relocate, but there will always be tax consequences to consider. In this article, we outline the possible tax traps and opportunities for this type of activity. Main tax traps The main tax issues in business relocations, which can amount to traps if not fully taken into account in […]
world. In addition to adversely affecting the world economy, the restrictions placed on travel could have personal income tax implications for individuals and permanent establishment risks for businesses.
While the first reporting deadlines for most EU members expired on 31 January 2021 and respectively 28 February 2021, there are still questions outstanding about whether intermediaries are obliged to report arrangements to tax authorities, or if they can use the right to waiver due to professional privilege. In 2020, countries across Europe implemented into […]
The EU Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD), contains five legally binding anti-abuse measures, which all EU member states are required to apply against common forms of aggressive tax planning. The Directive includes an exit tax, a general anti-abuse rule, controlled foreign company rules, measures to tackle hybrid mismatch arrangements, in addition to an interest limitation rule. We […]
On 24 December 2020, a draft protocol on social security co-ordination for EU-UK cross border working arrangements that start from 1 January 2021 was published. The draft protocol contained an article covering detached workers, i.e. employees who normally work in one EU member state/the UK who are sent to work in the UK/an EU member […]
The Dutch government has provided further details concerning a potential reform of the tax loss relief rules in the corporate income tax regime. The proposed amendment will mean that losses can be set off indefinitely from 1 January 2022, but the number of losses that can be set off will be capped. The government had […]
This article will provide you with an update on new VAT rules that will impact companies who sell goods (online) to consumers in the EU. As of July 2021, new VAT rules will enter into force in the EU. If a company sell goods (online) to consumers in the EU, the new rules will most […]
The African continent boasts a beautiful and diverse array of countries offering a wide range of valuable natural and human resources to the world economy. The past decade has seen significant foreign investments in African jurisdictions, ranging from massive investments in Mozambique’s gas reserves to tech companies capitalising on the technical excellence offered by software […]
Covid-19 has brought unprecedented social and economic challenges that will durably impact the world economy. Specifically, the pandemic has surrounded the Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) with many issues to be managed such as: insufficient cash flows, unpredictable profitability, unreliable third-party data (which is at the heart of arm’s length principle), non-operative supply chains, import/export limitations, possible […]
Covid-19 has brought unprecedented social and economic challenges that will durably impact the world economy. Specifically, the pandemic has surrounded the Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) with many issues to be managed such as: insufficient cash flows, unpredictable profitability, unreliable third-party data (which is at the heart of arm’s length principle), non-operative supply chains, import/export limitations, possible […]
(Updated 30 March 2021) Recent developments in transfer pricing documentation requirements should prompt MNCs to reassess management of cross border tax compliance. With a focus on protecting tax revenues in straightened economic times, many jurisdictions are focussing on transfer pricing compliance and raising awareness of documentation requirements and penalties for non-compliance. This indicates the groundwork […]
While 2020 is a year we may all wish to forget, changes made during the year on Transfer Pricing (TP) give us some clues as to the primary drivers of TP behaviour in 2021. These clues include US guidance from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on TP documentation, highlighting the penalty risks; OECD work and […]
How do we develop a global tax system that takes into account business innovation and the digitalised economy, yet is fair to all stakeholders? It’s a debate world governments continue to grapple with as they consider radical reforms to adapt century-old tax rules to the 21st-century digital economy. It’s also a question we put to […]
Mazars has submitted comments in response to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (“OECD”) public consultation on its proposal for taxation of the digitalized economy, released last October. The proposals The OECD project refers to challenges associated with, and proposals to address, the taxation of the digitalized economy. It includes proposals for reforming international […]
In February of this year, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) released guidance for multinational enterprises (MNE’s) and tax authorities, on applying the arm’s-length standard to controlled financial transactions. The guidance, which the OECD plans to include in the next publication of the Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations (OECD TPG), […]
On 24 September 2020, the European Commission published Communication COM (2020) 590 (final) regarding the action plan in respect to the Capital Markets Union. Action 10 of this plan envisages a EU legislative initiative by Q4 2022 to introduce a common, standardised, EU-wide system for withholding tax relief at source, based on the OECD Treaty Relief and Compliance Enhancement (“TRACE”) Implementation Package. What is this […]
In this article, we will focus on the impact of Covid-19 tax regulations in relation to M&A transactions. In particular, we will address the impact of several incentives that need to be addressed when transferring a company. Covid-19 Regulations Many countries have introduced Covid-19 related tax and other government incentives. These can – roughly – be broken into three categories: (i) extension of payment for taxes, (ii) a subsidy for wages (and sometimes […]
With the Covid-19 crisis, working from home is expected to become the “new normal”. 2020 marks the end of many tax holidays with respect to home working arrangements within and between certain countries. We have already featured some general comments on the implication of remote working in previous blog posts; and we will regularly feature […]
During the first wave of Covid-19 back in the spring of 2020, many employers found themselves dealing with the issue of “remote workers” in significant volumes, for the first time. When “working from home”, means working from home in another part of the city or the country then the issues are more likely to be […]
It seems right now that most countries around the world are busy regulating certain telework arrangements cross border with a keen focus on taxation rights. The U.S. is no different. In fact, the U.S. has the matter pending before its highest Court for review. A decision will not only impact the states named but obviously […]
Now that we are a couple of weeks into the new year, we are seeing lots in the press and media on Brexit’s impact to the business community. But what about the people behind the business – the individuals. At Mazars, we have been educating clients on the future of Brexit from both an entity […]
Following the path of other developed countries (e.g., France, United Kingdom, Italy), Spain enacted last October a brand new “tax on certain digital services” that will come into effect on 16 January 2021. Background of a tax (not so new) The origin of this tax can be found in Action 1 of the BEPS report […]
Over the past few years, the digital economy has become a hot topic around the world. The international community has made substantial progress towards reaching a consensus-based and long-term solution to prevent tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. Seeking to keep working towards an agreement by mid-2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation […]
The OECD released its guidance on the transfer pricing implications of the Covid-19 pandemic on 18 December 2020. This guidance was eagerly awaited by many MNEs whose statutory accounts will be closed by the end of the year, and which need to adjust their 2020 transfer pricing policies to reflect the financial impact of the […]
Following the UK’s spending review statement of 25 November, there is now greater clarity on how the UK economy will be taken forward into 2021 following the Covid-19 pandemic and exit from Brexit transition. Despite incurring record UK government borrowing this year of around £395bn, the significant further borrowing to fund investment during the recovery […]
From a general VAT perspective, the coming year of 2021 will be a turbulent one and will create a lot of work for businesses operating in an European environment. Below are the key VAT aspects to consider before the end of the year. 1. Restructuring of supply and service chains during the pandemic Covid-19 has […]
After the French government enacted a 3% digital services tax on gross income, it is now the French Administrative Supreme Court which rendered a landmark decision for international groups providing digital services in France by strongly extending the definition of permanent establishment in the presence of commissionaires. This new case law remains also relevant for […]
BEPS 2.0 continues to call into question what indeed is a permanent establishment (PE). We all know that ‘bricks and mortar’ is almost ‘a ghost of Christmas past’ and states are now focused more on activities that have the potential to create nexus or PE status. This is certainly the underpinning of the sweeping world […]
Near-term objective of the South African Revenue Service confirmed: “Remaining focused on international taxes, particularly aggressive tax planning using transfer pricing.” The South African (“SA”) economy, like many others, has been severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. A recent speech by the country’s Finance Minister painted a dire picture of a country that is, in […]
Generally speaking, year-end is that time of year when we clean up all open items in the current year and head into the new year with a fresh outlook and perspective. This also applies to tax. You cannot be blind to the overwhelming number of tax checklists published to help individuals, in particular, get their tax affairs […]
The pandemic has led to many people choosing to relocate. Many are leaving densely populated cities to work remotely to where they feel are more desirable locations for themselves and family. Others are holding steadfast to their crowded city dwellings. Either way, geographies are challenged to retain (or welcome) existing residents and newcomers. Many are […]
EU Directive 2018/822 or DAC 6 (acronym of “Directive on Administrative cooperation”) is in the minds of many European tax practitioners. In this article we will set out its importance for the European M&A market. Beyond this mysterious acronym, the European Union is pursuing its efforts to prevent tax fraud and tax evasion (and thus create legal and business ” fairness […]
What is the issue? With Brexit talks still ongoing, employers should be planning for the impact of a hard Brexit on social security coverage and benefit provision for their employees who travel between the UK and EU (including EEA & EFTA countries and Switzerland) for work. HMRC’s October employer bulletin provided a welcome update on […]
The global economy is experiencing digital transformation at a blistering pace with the rise of e-commerce. The digital economy permeates all aspects of life including how we eat, sleep, breathe, and communicate. It has immense impact on the world’s economic landscape touching all industries and sectors from aviation to wholesale trade. The digital economy is […]
The Covid-19 pandemic has far-reaching consequences, and will have serious implications on transfer pricing for many multinational enterprises (“MNEs”). This is particularly challenging for businesses to manage due to the current lack of guidance from the OECD. With this guide, we review the impact of Covid-19 on: • Transfer pricing treatment of government aid • […]
Governments damaged by the Covid-19 pandemic are likely to be taking a more aggressive approach in tax field audits on multinational enterprises (MNEs), at least until after their respective economy is on its way to recovering from the impacts of the pandemic. The OECD launched a pilot of the International Compliance Assurance Programme (ICAP) on […]
We warmly welcome you to ‘Let’s talk global tax’, Mazars’ global tax blog. We have launched this blog to keep readers up-to-date on the latest tax regulations, market developments, topical debates and news from around the world. Our blog will provide updates on all areas of tax, including global mobility, employment tax, VAT & indirect […]
The current restrictions imposed by multiple countries to combat the Covid-19 pandemic have limited the possibilities for conducting external tax audits. However, the current pandemic and its consequences for the world economy highlight again that the number of internationally active companies is increasing. This has a significant impact on the future of tax audits. Coordinated […]
Since 1st January 2020, the VAT “quick fixes” brought several amendments to the EU VAT legislation; one of the most important amendments being stricter rules for the justification of the VAT exemption for intra-community supplies of goods. As cross-border VAT fraud is primarily linked to the exemption for intra-community supplies, it is necessary to clearly […]
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